Global uncertainty continues to slow growth in Africa's economies

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This edition of Africa's Pulse includes special sections on accelerating poverty reduction and promoting women's empowerment.

"Empowering women will help boost growth. African policy makers face an important choice: business as usual or deliberate steps toward a more inclusive economy," said Hafez Ghanem, World Bank Vice President for Africa. "After several years of slower-than-expected growth, closing the opportunity gap for women by removing barriers to their economic participation is the best way forward."

Global uncertainty is taking a toll on growth well beyond Africa, and real GDP growth is also expected to slow significantly in other emerging and developing regions. The Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, and South Asia regions are expected to see even larger downward revisions in their growth forecasts than in Sub-Saharan Africa for 2019.

Beyond Sub- Saharan Africa's regional averages, the picture is mixed. The recovery in Nigeria, South Africa, and Angola-the region's three largest economies-has remained weak and is weighing on the region's prospects. In Nigeria, growth in the non-oil sector has been sluggish, while in Angola the oil sector remained weak. In South Africa, low investment sentiment is weighing on economic activity.

Excluding Nigeria, South Africa, and Angola, growth in the rest of the subcontinent is expected to remain robust although slower in some countries. The average growth among non-resource-intensive countries is projected to edge down, reflecting the effects of tropical cyclones in Mozambique and Zimbabwe, political uncertainty in Sudan, weaker agricultural exports in Kenya, and fiscal consolidation in Senegal.

In Central African Economic and Monetary Community countries, which are also resource-intensive, activity is expected to expand at a modest pace, supported by rising oil production. Growth among metals exporters is expected to moderate, as mining production slows and metal prices fall.

"Africa's economies are not immune to what is happening in the rest of the world, and this is reflected in the subdued growth rates across the region," said Albert Zeufack, Chief Economist for Africa at the World Bank. "At the same time, evidence clearly links poor governance to poor growth performance, so efficient and transparent institutions should be on the priority list for African policy makers and citizens."

Accelerating poverty reduction

Four in 10 Africans, or over 416 million people, lived below $1.90 per day in 2015. Absent significant efforts to create economic opportunities and reduce risk for poor people, extreme poverty will become almost exclusively an African phenomenon by 2030. According to Africa's Pulse, the poverty agenda in Africa should put the poor in control, helping to accelerate the fertility transition, leverage the food system on and off the farm, address risk and conflict, and provide more and better public finance to improve the lives of the most vulnerable. A critical piece will be addressing gender gaps in health, education, empowerment, and jobs.

Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region in the world that can boast that women are more likely to be entrepreneurs than men, and African women contribute to a large share of agricultural labour across the continent. This success is stifled by large and persistent earnings gaps between men and women. Women farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa produce 33 percent less per hectare of land than men do, and female entrepreneurs or business owners earn 34 percent less profits than male business owners.

These earnings gaps are very costly to African people and economies. Africa's Pulse identifies six policy pathways for women's economic empowerment:
1. Building women's skills beyond traditional training.
2. Alleviating women's financial constraints through innovative solutions that relieve the collateral problem and improve their access to the financial sector.
3. Helping women secure their land rights.
4. Connecting women to labor.
5. Addressing social norms that constrain women's opportunities.
6. Building a strong new generation by helping girls to navigate their adolescence.